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What made the rows of holes in this tree?

Answer:

These holes were made by a kind of woodpecker called a Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker. While most woodpeckers peck on trees to get at insects, the Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker makes holes to gather sap for food. The running sap also attracts insects, which add to the Sapsucker's diet. They are also known to eat the nutritious cambium layer, just under the bark.

Since the nutritious sap is coming down from the leaves, they usually start low on the tree. As the first row of holes dries up, they make another row above it.

Hummingbirds sometimes take advantage of the holes, drinking some sap to supplement their diet.

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